Jalal, S. F., Usmani , I. A., Mudabar, S. M., & Ul Haque, M. Z. (2026). Development and Statistical Evaluation of a Deep Learning Framework for Real Time Tissue Classification in Robotic Surgery. VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering, 14(1), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v14i1.2291